Leno or cross-weaving loom.



H. A. DAVIS.

LENO 0R CROSS WEAV ING LOOM.

APPLICATION FILED MAR. 26. 1914.

Patented Nov. 16, 1915.

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COLUMBIA PLANOGRAPH CO.,WASHINOTON. D. c.

H. A. DAVIS.

' LENO 0R caoss WEAVING LOOM.

APPLICATION FILED MAR.'26. 1914.

Patented Nov. 16, 1915.

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Inae E272; Haigguifiafizkg HJA, DAVIS LENO 0R CROSS WEAVING LOOM.

APPLICATION FILED MAR.26.1914.

Patented Nov. 16, 1915.

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eno on oaoss-wa vrue LOOM.

$peci fication of Letters Patent.

Patented Nov, 16;, 31915.

Applicatiorifiled 26, 1914. Serial No. 827,301.

To all whom it may concern: I Be it known that I, HAR Y A. DAVIS, citizen of the United State syresiding at Hofidale, county of Worcester, and State l achusctts, have in ented' an. 1111- prowment in Leno or CrossQWeaving Looms, of which the following description, i Connection with the accompanying drawings, is a Sp cification, like characters on the drawing representing like parts The invention to be hereinafter described relates to looms for wearing leno crosswoyen fin)??? IS, and more p2 ul'arly to such looms as a he adtptel to produce fabrics haying alter sting cross and plain woyen portions. l -he aims and purposes of the presentinventionare to provide a loom of theoaboye character which shall be simple construe on, effectiye andreliable in operation, and .erein the changei'rom' plain to cross weaying {Q15 vice yersa may be readily controlled by simple means operatingin desired relation with other parts or" the loom. These and other objects of the present iny ,tion will best be made clear from the fol ng de r p n c r nyii s drawings of one form of means for carry the intention into practical effect, it heing understood that the invention is not limited to the particular construction shown and descrieed, but in'its true scope is clearly defined by the claims. In the drawings: Figure l is a side eleyation of loom embodying one form of the present invention, some of the parts of the loom being omitted for clearness of illustration of those features ha ing to do more particularly with p .e ent invention; 2 is an enlarged detail showing among other features one formof means for controlling the change from plain to crossweavi and vice Yersa; Fig. 3 is a detached detail showing treadle actuating insane for the hec is; ,4 is a detapheddetail illustrating a part of the two treadles and the connection between the 'rnea'n's for controlling the cha ge from plain to crossweyin'g and tleheddleihoohft'o be der p se t? he treadl ed; and I roseition? th n f r new s them with the heddles, and illustrating by dotted lines difierent positions of the parts. Mounted upon the loom frame 1, which may be of any desired form or construction suitable as a support for the usual moving parts of the loom, is the lay 2 haying the usual reed, and sustained upon the lay swords 3 piyotally mounted at their lower ends upon the cross shaft 4. The lay is given its beat up movement by approp fiate means, such as the usual crank shaft and connections, RYl'llCll, being well known by those skilled in the art, need not he herein illustrated and described. The ,itaheup mechanism for taking up the cloth as it is woven may likewise be of any appropriate character operated by or through the lay movements, that shown in the present form of the inyention comprising a sand or take-up roll 5, Fig. 1, having operatiye-connection through the gears 5 7, 8, 9 and 10, Fig. 1, with a ratchet wheel 11, the teeth of which are adapted to he engaged by a pawl 12 pi otally mountedat 13 to bracket 14 carried by the lay sword. A spring 15, Fig. 2, normally inaintainsthe pawl in position to engage the teeth of the ratchet wheel 11, the construction being such that as the lay moves back and forth the pawl will impart stepby-step takeflip movement to the ratchet wheel in the direction of the arrow, 2 and through the gearing connection described or other operative connection will cause the sand or take-up roll 5 to take up the cloth as it is woyen. As the cloth is thus talzen up, it may be wound upon a suitable cloth roll, but as Such roll audits connection with the take-up form no part of the present invention, and are well understood by those slzilled in the ar not be herein further described. l he gearing connection between the ratchet wheel 11 and the sand or take-up roll forms a good form' of means for taking up the cloth through the step-by-step moyement of the WW b it is to be n ers ood t a any am of transmitting connection may be employed. i V

Rising from the loom 3 1 1? liS the support 15, Fig. 1,501 the arms '17 carrying a sh f o rod 18 provided w th the p leys about which pass the straps 20 connected at 21 to the heddles 22 and 23, the construction being such that as one heddle is pulled down it will, through the straps 20, cause the construction'being such that should the heddle 23, for instance, be depressed it will cause the other. heddle 22 to be raised, and

, when the heddle 23 is permitted to rise, the

spring 24 will act to depress the heddle 22 and perforce, cause the heddle 23 to be lifted.

Each of the heddles has a series of fingers, each provided with an eye through which a warp. thread a is passed, so that as the heddles are raised and lowered as above described, alternate warp threads will be raised and lowered for the formation of the shed. This construction of heddles is well understood by those skilled in the art, and is indicated by dotted lines at 27, Fig. 1. r

In cross-weaving looms,as is well known, the warp threads or ends, as they are sometimes called, are given a relative lat- 3 61331 01' transverse IIIOVGHIGH D to 6211186 0116 warp thread to cross over an adjacent warp thread after the heddles have been relatively moved vertically to permit, and then the relative vertical movement of the heddles is reversed to form the shed to receive the weft or filling thread. In plain weaving, however, this transverse movement of the heddles does not take place, it being only necessary to relatively move the heddles vertically, in the case of vertical looms, to form the shed for the weft or filling thread. These characteristic movements of the .heddles in plain and in leno or cross-weaving are well understood by those skilled in the art.

In-the present form of the invention the lateral or transversev relative movement of the heddles is secured from a rock shaft 28, Fig. 1,'sustained by suitable bearings and providedwith side projecting portions 29 constituting a rocker arm bearing upon the heddle frames 22 and 23.

A similar rocker arm may be pivotally mounted on the support 16'at the opposite side of the loom to bear upon the heddle frames so that as one frame is moved transversely in one direction, the other heddle frame will be correspondingly moved'transversely in the opposite direction, substantially as in Patent No, 994,018, May 30, 1911. Secured to the rock shaft 28 is an arm 30, Fig. 1, operatively connected by an arm 31 to an appropriate cam 32 mounted on the cam shaft 33, said arm 31 being pivoted at 34 and having a projection 35 engaging the cam 32, the construction being such that as the cam 32 rotates with the shaft 33, which is operated from a suitable source of power and in proper timed relation with other partswhen leno or cross-woven fabric is being woven,

the rock shaft 28 is rocked upon its longi tudinal axis, thereby imparting. the proper and desired relative lateral or transverse movement to theheddles or heddle frames 7 22 and 23, as will be readily understood.

Suitably mounted at the rear part of the. 100m is a counter shaft 36 carrying the cams 37 and 38which are laterally or transversely arranged. to act upon the rolls 39, one carried by each of two treadles or levers 40 and 41, pivotally mounted at 42, Figs. 1 and 3, upon a suitable bracket 43 secured to the loom frame. Sincethe cams 37 and 38 act upon the two treadles, as will presently appear, they may, for convenience of identification, be hereinafter referred-to as the treadle cams.

' The counter shaft 36 may be driven'from any suitable source, but as shown it is in driving connection 'with the' cam shaft 33 through the gears 44, 45, and 46, the gear 45 being an idler or transmission gear between gears 44 and 4 6 on theshafts 33 and 36 respectively. I

As hereinbefore noted, the heddles or heddle frames 22 and 23 are'connected by the straps 20-so that upon movement of one,

a corresponding movement is imparted to the other in the reverse direction, and said heddles are normally under the action of the sprlng 24, tending to lower the heddle or .heddle frame 22. In the present invention means are provided for connecting both treadles 40 and 41 to one of the-heddles or heddle frames, in the present instance the heddle or heddle frame 23, whereby leno or cross weave may be produced, and to interrupt the connection between one of said treadles and the heddle at desired times, whereby plain weave may be produced, the result being thatthe fabric will contain portions of leno or cross weave' and portions of plain weave.

In the present form of the invention'the treadle 41 is connected to the heddle 23 byi the flexible strap 47, one portion of which is secured to the saddle orjcollar 48, which may be adjustably connected .to the treadle 41 by means of a suitable set screw 49, the other portion of the flexible strap 47 being connected to the heddle 23 in any suitable man.-

ner, substantially as indicated in Fig. 3. I-nasmuch as the connection between the treadle 41 and the heddle 23 is toremain undisturbed during the weaving operation, this connection may be denominated a permanent 23 and the treadle 40 may be regulated, as desired. The upper member 52 of the hook device-is preferably hinged orpivotally connected to the heddle 23, and the lower member 53 is provided with a shoulder or hook 54, Fig. 5, for engagement at desired times with the treadle to, substantially as indicated in Fig. 5.

Means are contemplated by the present.

invention for controlling engagement and disengagement of the treadle 40 with the heddle 23, and to this end the hook, hereinbefore described, is adapted for detachable connection with the treadle l0. Inasmuch as the treadle d0 is at times to be disconnected from the heddle 23, a spring 55 is provided which normally maintains the end of the treadle d0 in raised position.

Mounted for movement transversely of the loom and consequently in a direction transverse to the length of the treadle 4:0, is a slide 56 which passes through a fixed abutment 57, Fig. d, and has afiattened head portion 58 provided with a perforation through which passes the member 55 of the hook, substantially as indicated in Fig. Disposed between the abutment 57 and the head 58 of the slide member 56 is a spring 59 normally acting to move the slide 56 and perforce, the hook, in a direction to cause the hook to engage beneath the treadle 40, substantially as indicated by full lines in Fig. 5.

From the construction described thus far, it will be apparent that when the 59 is permitted to act, it will cause the head 58 to carry the hook or shoulder 54: below the treadle a0, and when moved in the opposite direction will withdraw the hook or shoulder 54 from the path of the treadle &0.

Various means may be employed for controlling the movement of the slide 56 and head 58, but the present invention contemplates so controlling the slide 56 that on a predetermined number of picks the change from leno or cross weave to plain weave and vice versa, may be effected.

As a further feature of the invention, also, means are provided for stopping the takeup during the time that the plain weave is being produced, thereby securing increased strengthening quality from the plain-woven portion of the fabric, a condition which becomes of great importance when weaving certain kinds of leno or cross-woven fabrics of light character, such as mosquito-netting, and the like.

As one form of means to the above ends, the slide 56, Fig. l, is connected to one arm 60 of a bell crank lever pivoted at 61, preferably upon the rock shaft 28, Fig. 1, the bell crank being supported thereon loosely between two collars 62. The other end 63 of the bell crank is connected to an arm..64l extending to and connected with a controller E gs- 2 nd, e. In Order t at the co o ls may ap r p a e y mor t be crank and consequently the slide 56, the desired distance to cause the shoulder or hook 5st. to be placed or Withdrawn from the path of movement of'thetreadle e0, the said controller 65, Fig. 2, is provided with a s6- riesofholes 66,110; any one of which. the actuator 64 may be connected, as indicated in Fig. 2. The controller 65 is pivotally mounted at 67,, Fig. 2, and has a bearing portion 68 adapted to rest upon a pattern chain, as will nowbe described. Y

Mounted upon a shaft or stud 69 supported by the loom frame, is a sprocket wheel 70, Fig. 2, to which is connected for rotative movement therewith a ratchet wheel 71. The teeth of the ratchet Wheel are adapted to be engaged by a pawl 72 carried by an arm 73 loosely mounted for rotative or oscillatory movement about the axis of the ratchet wheel, substantially as indicated by dotted and full lines in Fig. 2. The. oscillatory member 73 carrying the pawl 72 is connected to an arm 74-, at 75, the other end portion of the arm 7% beingsuitably connected at 76 to a projection 77 adjustably mounted in a rocker arm 78 rising from the shaft l, substantially as indicated in Fig. 2. The rocker arm 7 8 is connected to the sword 3 which carries the lay and partakes of the movement thereof. One form of means for securing this movement of the rocker arm 78 with the sword would be to secure the sword 3 and the rocker arm 7 8 fixedly to the cross shaft 4:, the latter having rocking movements in its bearing. This would be a good, practical form of this structure, but it is to be understood that the construction may be varied in detail, the essential in this respect being that the rocker arm 78 be movable with the lay or lay sword, and consequently impart to the ratchet wheel 71 a step-by-step movement corresponding to the back-andforth movement of the lay. This connection of the rocker arm for movement with the lay enables the step-by-step movement of the ratchet 71 and its connected sprocket to be in timed relation with the picking action of the loom, as will readily appear.

In order that the projectirm 77 may be properly adjusted on the rocker arm, the latter may be provided with a slide 79 havto the projection 77 may be moved to adjust the projection 77 as desired. If preferred, a similar adjustment of the slide 79 may be made by means of a slot 82 and bolt 83. These details may, of course, be widely varied, their purpose being to give to the pawl 7 2 a proper step-by-step movement as the lay moves back and forth, and various details of means to this end willsuggest themselves to those'skilled'in the art,

mg a slot 80 in which the bolt 81 secured movement thereof as the pawl 72 is drawn to. the left. i

The pattern chain, which as a whole may be desi nated 89 ma comprise an usual 9:: 7 1

form of such device,in the present form of the invention it is indicated as a sprocket chain having plain link and riser portions at intervals. The plain link portions 90 are pivotally connected together as indicated in Fig. 2, and when such portions are beneath the part 68 of the controller 65, the actuator 64s will be held to the left, Fig. 2, by the spring 59, Fig. 4, whereby the hook or shoulder 54; will be permitted to assume the position in the path of the treadle 10, substantially as indicated by full'lines in Fig.5. When the treadle 40 is thus connected to the heddle 23, the loom produces cross weave, as hereinbefore indicated, so that as long as the plain link portions 90 of the pattern chain are passing beneath the part 68 of the controller 65, the loom will continue to weave leno or cross-woven portions. As hereinbefore noted, however, it is desirable 'at times to strengthen the fabric by forming therein plain-woven portions, and to this end the pattern chain 89 is provided at intervals with risers 91, Fig. 2, which, as they pass beneath the part 68 of the controller 65, will swing the controller outward, or to the right, Fig. 2, thereby withdrawing the slide 56 against the stress of the spring 59, and moving the shoulder or hook portion 54k of the hook to the left, Fig. 5, to left-hand dotted line position, whereupon the loom will weave a number of plain picks corresponding to the number of risers on the pattern chain. When the plainportions 90 of thep attern chain again pass beneath the part 68 of the controller, the slide 56 under the action of the spring 59, will again place the shoulder 5-flof the hook in the path of the treadle itself, whereupon leno or cross-weaving operations will be resumed.

As indicated in Fig. 2, the patternchain is passed about the sprocket wheel 70 and is given its step-by-step forward movement through the ratchet and pawl, as hereinbefore described, so that the fabric being produced will have leno or cross-woven portions and plain-woven portions, alternately, for apredetermined number of picks, dependent upon thenumber of plain and riser portions on the pattern chain. In order to maintain the pattern chain in'proper. operative relation to the sprocket wheel 7 0, the looped end of the chain, that to the left, Fig.

2, may be carried around an idler 92, suitably supporte'd on an arm 93.

From the construction described, it will be apparent that both treadles are connected to the same heddle while. producing lenoor cross-woven portions of the fabric, and dur:

ing such time each of these treadles acts under the operation of its respective cain37, 38 to move the heddles relatively in avertical direction; whereas, in weaving plain portions of the fabric one of the treadles is disconnected from the heddle, whereupon I the other treadle alone acts under the operation of its cam to raise andlower the heddles relatively for the formation of the shed. It

will be further noted that the number of picks, either of leno or of plain portions in the fabric may be varied; according to the desire of the, designer or the character of fabric to be produced.

It is sometimes desirable to stop the takeup during the formation of the plain-woven portions of the fabric in order to giveincreased strengthening value to such plain portions, and as one form of means to this end, the present invention contemplates disconnecting the actuating means for the takeup from the part operated by it when leno or cross-weaving ceases and plain Weaving is initiated, and to restore this operative connection between the take-up and its actuat-- the other end of said arm being passed through a loop 96 secured to the pawl 12 which normally actuates the ratchet wheel 11 of the take-up. The end of the pawl trip arm 94: has an abutment oris turned as at 97,

the construction being such that when the controller 65 is moved to the rig'ht, Fig.2,

this being the time when plain portions are p to be woven, the pawl trip arm 94L acts upon the pawl 12 and disengages it from opera'- tive relation with the ratchet wheel 11. This condition of affairs prevails while the series of risers 91 act upon the controller, and when these risers have passed the part 68 of the controller, and the latter resumes its bearing upon the low links of the pattern chain, the'arm 94 moves to the left, thereby permitting the spring 15 to restore the pawl 12 into operating relation with the take-up.

W'hilethe invention has oeen described in connection with certain details of strueture in carrying the invention into practical effect, it isto be understood that the invention is not limited to these-detailsybut may be varied within its true'scope, as defined by the claims; and l'believe lam theiirstin-the art to provide in a loom the character described means for connecting two cam-operated treadles to a single heddle or heddle frame producing leno or cross-weaving, and means for interrupting or detachingthe connection between one of the treadles and the h ddle for the production of plain weave, either with or without interrupting the take-up during the production of the plain portions.

hat is claimed'is 1. ln-a leno or cross-weaving loom, the combination of heddles for controlling the warp threads, treadles for operating the heddles, means for relatively moving the heddlestransversely, means for permanently connecting one heddle to=one of thetreadles, and means for automatically connecting and disconnecting the same heddle and-the other treadle.

2. in a leno or cross-weaving lo'0m,the combination of a'pair of heddles forcontrolling the warp threads, means connecting said lieddles'to cause movement ofone-to be impartcd to the other intheopposite direction, a par ofcam-operatedtreadlesymeans for connecting both treadles to the same lied-die for the production of leno-orcrossweave,-means for relativelymoving the heddles transversely, and means acting automaticaliy todisconnect one of the treadles from said heddleforthe production of plain weave.

3. in a lenoorcross-weaving loom the combination of a pair of heddles forcontrolling-the warp threads, means for relativeiy moving the heddles transversely, means connecting said heddles to cause movement of one to be imparted to. the other in raising and lowering the-warp threads, a pair of treadles and operatingmeanstherefor, permanent connections between one of said treadles and one of said heddles, means for detachably connecting the other treadle to the same heddle, and means for automatically controlling said last-named means'to cause-the same tobe operatively connected .vithor disconnected from said heddle.

at. "in a leno or cross-weavingloom, the combination of a pair of heddles for controlling the warp threads, a pair of treadles and operating means therefor, means for connecting both treadles to the-same hedd-le for producing leno or cross-weave, means for relatively moving the heddles transverselv, and means acting automatically after a predetermined number of picks for interrupting the connection ofone of said treadles with said heddle for the production of plain weave.

5. In a lenoxor cross-weaving loom, the

combinationofv a pair of heddles forcontrolling the warp threads, a pair of treadles and operating means therefor, means for connectingbothtreadles to the same heddle for producing leno or cross-weave means for relatively moving the heddles transversely, and means acting automatically after'a predetermined number of picks for interrupting the connection of one of said treadleswith said-heddle fort-he production of plain weave, said last-named means also acting after a predetermined number of plainpicks to restore the connection between the said treadle and heddle.

6. ln a leno or cross-weaving loom, the combination of two heddles for controlling the warp-threads, means forrelatively moving the heddlestransversely, a take-up for taking up the fabric as woven, two treadles and operating means therefor, means for connecting bothof saidtreadles to the same heddle and meansiacting automatically to disconnect one of the treadles from said heddle and to stop the take-up.

7. Ina leno or cross-weaving loom, the combinationof two :heddles for controlling the warp threads meansfor relatively moving the heddles transversely, :atake-up, two treadles, means for connecting bothtreadles to the same heddle and means operative after a predetermined.number of picks to interrupt theconnectionbetween one ofsaid treadles and said heddle and stop the take-up.

'8. Ina leno or cross-weavingloom, the combination of two i heddles for controlling the warp threads, means for relatively moving'the heddles transversely, a take-up, two trea'dles, operating means therefor, .means forconnecting both treadles to :the same heddle, andmeans operative after a predetermined number of picks to interrupt the connection between one of said treaclles and said heddle and-stop the take-up and opera ti've thereafter. to. restore said connectioniand start: the take-up.

9.111 a leno or cross-weaving loom the combination of apair of heddles, meansifor relativelymovin-g themrtransversely, a pair of tread-les, a permanent connection between one treadle and a heddle, a hook device for detachably connecting the othertreaidle to the sameheddle, and meansfor causing the hook to engage itstreadle and be operated in producing leno or cross-weave, and for causing the hook to be disengaged fromv its treadle forproducing plain weave.

10. In a loom, the combination of two heddles, means for relatively moving the heddles transversely, two treadles and operating.meanstherefor, a strap permanently connecting a treadletosone heddle,.a hook device for connecting the other treadle with the ,7 same .heddle,:arrd means acting auto 3 matically for connecting and disconnecting the hook device and its treadle.

'11. In a loom, the combination of two heddles, two treadles and operating means therefor, a strap connecting a treadle to one heddle, ,a hook device for connecting the other treadle with the same heddle, means for relatively moving the heddles transversely and means; acting automatically for connecting and-disconnecting the hook device and its treadle, a take-up, means for operating the take-up while the treadles are connected operatively with the same heddle, and means for rendering saidtake-up meansinoperae tive whenthe hook device is disconnected from its treadle.

a 12; In. a leno or cross-weaving loom, a pair of heddles, a strap connection between the heddles, a spring connected'to one heddle and normally acting to move the heddles relatively, a pairof treadles, meansfor con:

necting both treadles to the other heddle for the production ofleno or cross-weave, means for relatively moving the heddles transversely, and means for detaching the connection. of one treadleto said heddlefor the production of plain weave V 13. In a leno orcross-weaving loom, a

pair of heddles, a strap connection between weave, means vfor relatively moving the heddles vtransversely, means for detaching the connection of one treadle to said heddle for the production, of plain weave,; a take-up, a device foroperating the take-up during leno or cross-weaving, and-means for rendering said device inefi'ectual during plain weaving. V v g 14. In a leno or cross-weaving loom, the combination ofa pair of heddles connected, forisimultaneous movementiin opposite directions for separating the warp threads, a spring acting on'one heddle, means for relatively moving the heddles transversely a pair of treadles, a permanent connection be-- tween the other heddle and one of said treadles, a hook for detachably connecting the same heddle to the other treadle, a take up including a ratchet and pawl, means for controlling theengageinent and disengagement by the hook with its treadle, and

' meanslit'or rendering the ratchet and pawl inoperative when the hook is disconnected from its treadle.

15; Ina leno or cross-weaving loom, the combination of two heddles and two treadles, a permanent connection between' one heddle and one. treadle, a detachable connection between the same heddle and the, other treadle, means including an element 'moving theheddles transversely.

having high and low portions for controlling said detachable connection, means for causing said element to continue the con;

loom, the i one heddle and-one treadle, a detachable a connection betweenthe same heddle and the other treadle, means including an element having high and low portions for controlling said detachable connection, means for causing said element to continue the conj 'nection between said other treadle and the heddle for the production of lnoorcrossweave for anyodesired number of picks andto detach said connection and maintain it detached for the, productionof plain weave for any desired number of picks, meansrto suspend the take-up during the production of plain weave, and means for relatively 17. In a leno or cross-weaving loom, th combination of two heddles and two treadles, a permanent connection between one treadle and one heddle and'a detachable connection between the other treadle i and the same, heddle, means for relatively;

moving the heddles transversely, means including a chain for controlling the detach able connectiomfl take-up, a pawl for operatingthetake-up, devices for. actuating the chain and, take-up pawl gand means for rendering the v take-up'pawl ineffectual for,

- producing take-up of'theffabric when the chain detaches the detachable connection.

.. 18. In a leno or cross-weaving loom, a

pair of heddles connected to move in oppo-vo site directions for raising and loweringithe warp threads, a pair of treadles,- permanent connections between one of said treadles and one heddle, a hook for detachably connecting the other treadle ,toothe.

same heddle, means acting normally; to

establish operative connection between the hook and said otheratreadle for the production of leno or cross-weave for any de-. sired number of'picks, means for relatively moving the heddles transversely, and meansv operative at intervals to withdraw the'hook from such operative relation with; said treadle forv'theproduction of, plain weave for any desired number ofpick s.

19.;In a leno or cross-weaving'lo om, the

combination, of heddles vfor v controlling a the warp threads, treadles for operating the heddles, means for relatively, moving the heddles transversely, means for permaname to this specification, in the presence nently connecting one heddle to one of the of two subscribing Witnesses.

treadles, means for detachably connecting the same heddle to the other treadle, and HARRY DAVIS 5 means to stop take-up when the said hed- Witnesses:

dle is detached from said other treadle. S. FRED SMITH, In testimony whereof, I have signed my DANA Oscoon.

Copies of this patent may be obtained for five cents each, by addressing the Commissioner of Patents, Washington, D. C. 

